The IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error is a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) that occurs when a system process or a driver attempts to access a memory address without the proper authorization. This error can be caused by various factors, including incompatible or outdated drivers, faulty hardware, or software conflicts. To fix this error, follow these troubleshooting steps:

1. Update your drivers:

Outdated or incompatible drivers can cause the IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error. Make sure all your drivers, especially those related to graphics, network, and audio, are up-to-date.

1. Press the Windows key + X and select “Device Manager.”
2. Look for any devices with a yellow exclamation mark, indicating a problem with the driver.
3. Right-click on the problematic device and select “Update driver.”
4. Choose “Search automatically for updated driver software” and follow the on-screen instructions to update the driver.
5. Restart your computer and check if the error is resolved.
6. Check for hardware issues:

Faulty hardware, such as RAM or a faulty hard drive, can cause the IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error. Perform a hardware check to identify any issues:

1. Test your RAM using Windows Memory Diagnostic:
   a. Press the Windows key + S and type “Windows Memory Diagnostic” in the search bar.
   b. Click on the application and select “Restart now and check for problems.”
   c. The system will restart and run a memory test. If any issues are found, consider replacing the faulty RAM.
2. Check your hard drive for errors:
   a. Open File Explorer and right-click on the system drive (usually C:).
   b. Select “Properties,” then click on the “Tools” tab.
   c. Under “Error checking,” click “Check” and follow the on-screen instructions.
3. Uninstall recently installed software or hardware:

If the error started occurring after installing new software or hardware, there might be a compatibility issue or conflict. Uninstall the recently installed software or remove the hardware and check if the error persists.

4. Disable or update third-party antivirus software:

Though rare some third-party antivirus programs may cause the IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error. Disable your antivirus temporarily to check if it resolves the issue. If it does, consider updating or replacing your antivirus software.

5. Perform a System Restore:

If the error started occurring recently, you could try performing a system restore to revert your system to a previous state when it was functioning correctly:

1. Press the Windows key + S and type “System Restore” in the search bar.
2. Click on “Create a restore point.”
3. In the System Properties window, under the System Protection tab, click “System Restore.”
4. Follow the on-screen instructions to select a restore point and complete the process.
5. Check for Windows updates:

Ensure your system is up-to-date with the latest Windows updates, as they can sometimes resolve issues like the IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error.

1. Press the Windows key + I to open Settings.
2. Click on “Update & Security.”
3. Select “Windows Update” and click on “Check for updates.”
4. Install any available updates and restart your computer if prompted.

If none of these solutions resolve the issue, the error might be due to a more severe underlying problem, such as a faulty motherboard or CPU. In this case, you may need to consult a professional technician for further assistance.